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Smelting is a form of extractive metallurgy to produce a metal from its ore. Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to decompose the ore, driving off other elements as gasses or slag and leaving just the metal behind. The reducing agent is commonly .

The process itself is proven, as its features are similar to those in FSF, Direct-to-Blister and Direct Outotec Nickel Flash Smelting (DON), with one significant difference: it is the easiest of ...

Figure 1-Flow diagram of the Direct Outotec Nickel Flash Smelting Process The concentrate and flux are dried (typically by utilizing the steam produced by the process itself) before feeding to the flash smelting furnace. This energy is saved in the furnace operations and .

1. Introduction. Feed materials for direct-to-blister smelting furnace mainly contain chalcocite (Cu 2 S) and bornite (Cu 5 FeS 4) .The quality of copper produced in flash smelting furnace is defined by its lead content, which should be below 0.3% for the product to conform to blister copper quality requirements.

However, Outotec remains dedicated to direct-to-blister flash smelting for normal chalcopyrite concentrates, as well as for high-grade chalcocite and bornite concentrates (Tuominen & Kojo, 2005). View chapter Purchase book

The use of oxygen in the Outokumpu flash smelting process and practical experience collected in the design and operation of the direct blister process gives a possibility to take a new approach to design a modern copper smelter for low capacity, Figure 1-Flow diagram of the Direct Outotec Nickel Flash Smelting Process The concentrate and .

Produce blister copper in a single flash furnace without the need for separate converting stages or ladle transportation. The Outotec Direct Blister Process offers new options for using different raw materials and optimizing plant layout while minimizing investment, operating .

Outotec Direct Blister Flash Smelting for copper With this process, blister copper is produced directly in a flash smelting furnace without the need for separate converting phases and ladle transportation This method opens up the possibility to use different raw materials and optimize plant layout while,

operating costs, and environmental impact. Direct Blister Flash Smelting is a natural choice for higher-grade copper concentrates due to its lower capital investment costs. Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting (DON) This process enables high-grade nickel matte to be produced using a single flash smelting furnace. It allows

Konkola Copper Mines' (KCM) Nchanga smelter in Zambia utilizes Outotec Flash Smelting tech-nology and it is designed to produce blister copper in one stage. There are two other Direct Blister Flash Smelters operating in the world, KGHM in Poland and Olympic Dam in Australia. However,

The smelting process proposed in the Kamoa PEA is based on direct-to-blister flash smelting technology. Ivanhoe planning two-phased development for Kamoa Currently, Outotec has flash smelting technology for copper and nickel concentrate, whereas Ausmelt's TSL method is suitable also for a variety of other feed materials, enabling the recovery ...

The Outotec Flash Smelting Process is one of the world's most commonly used processes for the production of primary copper and nickel. The process is based on our flash smelting principle, which utilizes the internal energy of the feed material for smelting, minimizing the need for external fuel and making the process very energy efficient.

The Outotec Flash Furnace is a large stationary vessel where sulfuric copper or nickel concentrates are smelted to molten matte or blister copper and slag. The furnace is often water cooled through copper cooling elements tailored for the application and lined with refractories for maximized campaign times.

Jul 01, 2013· Direct Blister Flash Smelting – Outotec Sustainable use of Earths . Concentrate production · Ferrous metals and ferroalloys processing · Non-ferrous . Compared to the conventional copper-smelting route, the Direct Blister Flash Smelting . Outotec® Direct Blister Flash Smelting plant in Chingola, Zambia . »More detailed

The process itself is proven, as its features are similar to those in FSF, Direct-to-Blister and Direct Outotec Nickel Flash Smelting (DON), with one significant difference: it is the easiest of ...

Outotec's modern smelting solutions guarantee that production will always be operating at maximum efficiency with the best available practices, ensuring the safest, healthiest and most sustainable use of Earth's natural resources. ... Outotec® Direct Blister Process. Outotec® Flash Smelting Process. Outotec® Anode Casting Shop.

Premium plant packaging direct from the manufacturer. ... The Plantpac range has been developed in collaboration with a major mail order plant supplier. The result easy to assemble packs provide maximum protection and ventilation for the plants during transit and display. ... Define blister copper. blister copper synonyms, blister copper ...

Secondary copper processing using Outotec Ausmelt TSL technology ... such as copper flash smelting, have utilized this type of waste in limited amounts for years. ... the mechanism for direct ...

OUTOTEC DC SMELTING The Outotec DC (Direct Current) Smelting Furnace is a cost-efficient, sustainable, and compact solution for ferroalloy processing. It can be used for direct smelting of fine ores, even those with highly variable chemical or mineralogical compositions, as well as for recycling challenging by-products like steel dust.

AN INTRODUCTION TO OUTOTEC FLASH SMELTING With flexibility, low energy consumption, high sulfur capture, and excellent economy of scale, Outotec Flash Smelting technology is the world's leading method for copper and nickel smelting. More than half of the world's primary copper and nickel is produced using Outotec's proprietary process.

Outotec flash smelting oxidizes its concentrate by mixing dried concentrate and flux with oxygen-enriched air and blowing the mixture downward into a hot furnace. Inco flash smelting mixes dried concentrate and flux with oxygen and blows it horizontally into .

Flash smelting (Finnish: Liekkisulatus, literally "flame-smelting") is a smelting process for sulfur-containing ores including chalcopyrite. The process was developed by Outokumpu in Finland and first applied at the Harjavalta plant in 1949 for smelting copper ore. It .

The history of making blister copper in a Flash Smelting Furnace dates back to the late 1960's, when Outotec's predecessor Outokumpu first piloted the Direct-to-Blister idea.

Fluxing Options in the Direct to Blister Copper Smelting Figure 8: Expansion of the homogeneous molten slag domain by alumina at copper saturation at 1300°C with 1,4 and
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